{"id":8700,"date":"2021-06-14T19:12:45","date_gmt":"2021-06-14T19:12:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/autodidatas.org\/?p=8700"},"modified":"2021-06-14T19:30:33","modified_gmt":"2021-06-14T19:30:33","slug":"marie-curie-a-mae-da-radioatividade","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kevinbk.com\/vi\/marie-curie-me-cua-phong-xa\/","title":{"rendered":"Marie Curie \u2013 M\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/strong>Ng\u00e0y nay, vi\u1ec7c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a MARIE l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh t\u00edch, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Maria Salomea Sk\u0142odowska sinh ra \u1edf Warsaw (Ba Lan) v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 7 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1867, c\u00f4 l\u00e0 con g\u00e1i \u00fat trong s\u1ed1 n\u0103m anh ch\u1ecb em c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Marie c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tu\u1ed5i th\u01a1 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, m\u1ea5t m\u1eb9 khi m\u1edbi 10 tu\u1ed5i, c\u00f4 c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00ec kinh t\u1ebf t\u00fang qu\u1eabn v\u00e0 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf Ba Lan. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a cha c\u00f4, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd, c\u00f4 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f4 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc b\u00ed m\u1eadt \u1edf Ba Lan, sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sau \u0111\u00f3, anh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf Paris, n\u01a1i anh t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00e0nh To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc V\u1eadt l\u00fd. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f4 \u1ea5y c\u0169ng l\u00e0m gia s\u01b0 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 \u1ea5y. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, Marie c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1894, gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00f4 v\u00e0 Pierre Curie, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f4 v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00ec v\u1eady, Marie \u0111\u00e3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi. Sau \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn, Marie \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Nobel \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1903, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ed3ng b\u00e0 v\u00e0 Henri Becquerel, nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1. V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i sau nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, c\u00f4 \u1ea5y nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng may sau v\u00e0i n\u0103m, Pierre, ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau d\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4, qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f4 thay th\u1ebf anh gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y V\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc danh ti\u1ebfng Sabonne, sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, Marie l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean theo h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u00f4i qua v\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1911, Marie nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i Nobel H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 m\u1edbi trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 radium v\u00e0 polonium.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Qua nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, Marie \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Vi\u1ec7n Curie \u1edf Paris v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1914. Trong vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng y t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a radium \u1edf b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ung th\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, Marie \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u1ee5p X quang di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi con g\u00e1i Ir\u00e8ne, b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 (binh l\u00ednh). V\u00e0 v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Marie \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n